SHP Student Research Guide

Adapted from The Basics from Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)

In-Text Citations 

• In-text citations appear in the body of the paper as sources are referenced. 
• In-text citations follow the author-date format. (author's last name, year of publication).
• Generally, in-text citations are inserted at the end of a sentence before the period.
• Example: The study revealed an association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer (Smith, 2021).  

• Direct quotations must include the page number.  (Smith, 2021, p. 36)

Reference List

• The reference list appears at the end of the paper.  It is listed on its own page and is labeled "References".  
• One complete reference for each source cited in the body of the paper should appear in the reference list.
• The reference list is alphabetized by first authors' last name.  
• The second line of each entry is indented (hanging indent, one-half inch).

More Help

• Consult the APA Reference Guide for style and grammar guidelines.

Videos from Humber Libraraies are linked here for commonly asked questions about formating citations in APA style.

• How do I cite a book?
• How do I cite a journal article?
• How do I format an in-text citation?
• How do I cite a webpage or website?  (Section from the APA Reference Guide)

Citation tools let you collect, organize, and format citations in a wide-variety of styles.  EndNote x9 is available to all MD Anderson faculty, staff, and students.  It is available from the institution's software center.